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The Darwin Rebellion of 17 December 1918 was the culmination of unrest in the Australian Workers' Union which had existed between 1911 and 1919. Led by Harold Nelson, up to 1000 demonstrators marched on Government House at Liberty Square in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia where they burnt an effigy of the Administrator of the Northern Territory, John Gilruth, and demanded his resignation. Their grievances were against the two main Northern Territory employers, Vestey’s Meatworks and the Commonwealth of Australia, and concerned political representation, unemployment and taxation. Gilruth and his family left Darwin soon afterwards under the protection of , while the Vestey company permanently closed its Darwin operations in 1920. ==Background== From 1863 until 1911 Northern Territory residents were entitled to vote in both South Australian and from 1901, Commonwealth elections.〔National Archives of Australia (2008). (Northern Territory Act of 1863 (SA) ). Retrieved on 29 September 2008〕 This status had also enabled Territorians to qualify as South Australian voters in elections for both Houses of the Commonwealth Parliament after Federation in 1901.〔Carney, Gerard (2006). (''The Constitutional Systems of the Australian States and Territories'' ). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-86305-8. 〕 On 1 January 1911 the transfer of the Northern Territory to the Commonwealth government deprived Territorians of all political representation and voting rights.〔Healy, Margaret (2000). (Parliament of Australia: Territory Representation in the Commonwealth Parliament ). Retrieved on 29 September 2008.〕〔〔 The Commonwealth Constitution did not allow for Federal electorates to cross state borders. This enabled national governments to avoid a hypothetical impasse where a thousand Territory voters might some day hold the balance of power in an evenly divided Commonwealth Parliament.〔(National Archives of Australia ) (1922). (''Documenting a Democracy: Northern Territory Representation Act 1922 (Cth)'' ). Retrieved on 28 April 2008.〕 Of the 4.5 million white Australians living on the continent, only 1,729 lived in the Northern Territory, along with about 1,300 Chinese and an unknown number of Aborigines.〔(Encyclopaedia Britannica ) (2008). (''The Northern Territory under Commonwealth administration'' ). Retrieved on 28 April 2008.〕 Following the transfer, the Northern Territory was run by an administrator appointed by the Commonwealth executive, a public servant answerable to the Commonwealth. In the years following Commonwealth Administration, Territorians became increasingly unhappy with unrepresentative government from southern Australia.〔(Charles Darwin University ) (2007). (''History of Statehood and Political Rights in the Northern Territory'' ). Retrieved on 28 May 2008.〕 The Northern Territory's few economic pursuits—pearling, pastoralism, and mining—were all run down. Expected Commonwealth-led development dissipated as Federal funding was diverted towards Australia's participation in World War I.〔Gray, Stephen (2004, p. 12). (Criminal Laws Northern Territory ). Published by (Federation Press ). . ISBN 1-86287-495-6〕 Consequently, conflict between labour unions and the Northern Territory administration began to grow.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Darwin Rebellion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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